/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.collect;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.collect.CollectPreconditions.checkNonnegative;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.EnumMap;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Supplier;

/**
 * A builder for a multimap implementation that allows customization of the
 * backing map and value collection implementations used in a particular
 * multimap.
 *
 * <p>
 * This can be used to easily configure multimap data structure implementations
 * not provided explicitly in {@code com.google.common.collect}, for example:
 *
 * <pre>
 * {
 * 	&#64;code
 * 	ListMultimap<String, Integer> treeListMultimap = MultimapBuilder.treeKeys().arrayListValues().build();
 * 	SetMultimap<Integer, MyEnum> hashEnumMultimap = MultimapBuilder.hashKeys().enumSetValues(MyEnum.class).build();
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>
 * {@code MultimapBuilder} instances are immutable. Invoking a configuration
 * method has no effect on the receiving instance; you must store and use the
 * new builder instance it returns instead.
 *
 * <p>
 * The generated multimaps are serializable if the key and value types are
 * serializable, unless stated otherwise in one of the configuration methods.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @param <K0> An upper bound on the key type of the generated multimap.
 * @param <V0> An upper bound on the value type of the generated multimap.
 * @since 16.0
 */
@Beta
@GwtCompatible
public abstract class MultimapBuilder<K0, V0> {
	/*
	 * Leaving K and V as upper bounds rather than the actual key and value types
	 * allows type parameters to be left implicit more often. CacheBuilder uses the
	 * same technique.
	 */

	private MultimapBuilder() {
	}

	private static final int DEFAULT_EXPECTED_KEYS = 8;

	/**
	 * Uses a {@link HashMap} to map keys to value collections.
	 */
	public static MultimapBuilderWithKeys<Object> hashKeys() {
		return hashKeys(DEFAULT_EXPECTED_KEYS);
	}

	/**
	 * Uses a {@link HashMap} to map keys to value collections, initialized to
	 * expect the specified number of keys.
	 *
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code expectedKeys < 0}
	 */
	public static MultimapBuilderWithKeys<Object> hashKeys(final int expectedKeys) {
		checkNonnegative(expectedKeys, "expectedKeys");
		return new MultimapBuilderWithKeys<Object>() {
			@Override
			<K, V> Map<K, Collection<V>> createMap() {
				return new HashMap<K, Collection<V>>(expectedKeys);
			}
		};
	}

	/**
	 * Uses a {@link LinkedHashMap} to map keys to value collections.
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * The collections returned by {@link Multimap#keySet()},
	 * {@link Multimap#keys()}, and {@link Multimap#asMap()} will iterate through
	 * the keys in the order that they were first added to the multimap, save that
	 * if all values associated with a key are removed and then the key is added
	 * back into the multimap, that key will come last in the key iteration order.
	 */
	public static MultimapBuilderWithKeys<Object> linkedHashKeys() {
		return linkedHashKeys(DEFAULT_EXPECTED_KEYS);
	}

	/**
	 * Uses a {@link LinkedHashMap} to map keys to value collections, initialized to
	 * expect the specified number of keys.
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * The collections returned by {@link Multimap#keySet()},
	 * {@link Multimap#keys()}, and {@link Multimap#asMap()} will iterate through
	 * the keys in the order that they were first added to the multimap, save that
	 * if all values associated with a key are removed and then the key is added
	 * back into the multimap, that key will come last in the key iteration order.
	 */
	public static MultimapBuilderWithKeys<Object> linkedHashKeys(final int expectedKeys) {
		checkNonnegative(expectedKeys, "expectedKeys");
		return new MultimapBuilderWithKeys<Object>() {
			@Override
			<K, V> Map<K, Collection<V>> createMap() {
				return new LinkedHashMap<K, Collection<V>>(expectedKeys);
			}
		};
	}

	/**
	 * Uses a naturally-ordered {@link TreeMap} to map keys to value collections.
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * The collections returned by {@link Multimap#keySet()},
	 * {@link Multimap#keys()}, and {@link Multimap#asMap()} will iterate through
	 * the keys in sorted order.
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * For all multimaps generated by the resulting builder, the
	 * {@link Multimap#keySet()} can be safely cast to a
	 * {@link java.util.SortedSet}, and the {@link Multimap#asMap()} can safely be
	 * cast to a {@link java.util.SortedMap}.
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
	public static MultimapBuilderWithKeys<Comparable> treeKeys() {
		return treeKeys(Ordering.natural());
	}

	/**
	 * Uses a {@link TreeMap} sorted by the specified comparator to map keys to
	 * value collections.
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * The collections returned by {@link Multimap#keySet()},
	 * {@link Multimap#keys()}, and {@link Multimap#asMap()} will iterate through
	 * the keys in sorted order.
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * For all multimaps generated by the resulting builder, the
	 * {@link Multimap#keySet()} can be safely cast to a
	 * {@link java.util.SortedSet}, and the {@link Multimap#asMap()} can safely be
	 * cast to a {@link java.util.SortedMap}.
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * Multimaps generated by the resulting builder will not be serializable if
	 * {@code comparator} is not serializable.
	 */
	public static <K0> MultimapBuilderWithKeys<K0> treeKeys(final Comparator<K0> comparator) {
		checkNotNull(comparator);
		return new MultimapBuilderWithKeys<K0>() {
			@Override
			<K extends K0, V> Map<K, Collection<V>> createMap() {
				return new TreeMap<K, Collection<V>>(comparator);
			}
		};
	}

	/**
	 * Uses an {@link EnumMap} to map keys to value collections.
	 */
	public static <K0 extends Enum<K0>> MultimapBuilderWithKeys<K0> enumKeys(final Class<K0> keyClass) {
		checkNotNull(keyClass);
		return new MultimapBuilderWithKeys<K0>() {
			@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
			@Override
			<K extends K0, V> Map<K, Collection<V>> createMap() {
				// K must actually be K0, since enums are effectively final
				// (their subclasses are inaccessible)
				return (Map<K, Collection<V>>) new EnumMap<K0, Collection<V>>(keyClass);
			}
		};
	}

	private static final class ArrayListSupplier<V> implements Supplier<List<V>>, Serializable {
		private final int expectedValuesPerKey;

		ArrayListSupplier(int expectedValuesPerKey) {
			this.expectedValuesPerKey = checkNonnegative(expectedValuesPerKey, "expectedValuesPerKey");
		}

		@Override
		public List<V> get() {
			return new ArrayList<V>(expectedValuesPerKey);
		}
	}

	private enum LinkedListSupplier implements Supplier<List<Object>> {
		INSTANCE;

		public static <V> Supplier<List<V>> instance() {
			// Each call generates a fresh LinkedList, which can serve as a List<V> for any
			// V.
			@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
			Supplier<List<V>> result = (Supplier) INSTANCE;
			return result;
		}

		@Override
		public List<Object> get() {
			return new LinkedList<Object>();
		}
	}

	private static final class HashSetSupplier<V> implements Supplier<Set<V>>, Serializable {
		private final int expectedValuesPerKey;

		HashSetSupplier(int expectedValuesPerKey) {
			this.expectedValuesPerKey = checkNonnegative(expectedValuesPerKey, "expectedValuesPerKey");
		}

		@Override
		public Set<V> get() {
			return new HashSet<V>(expectedValuesPerKey);
		}
	}

	private static final class LinkedHashSetSupplier<V> implements Supplier<Set<V>>, Serializable {
		private final int expectedValuesPerKey;

		LinkedHashSetSupplier(int expectedValuesPerKey) {
			this.expectedValuesPerKey = checkNonnegative(expectedValuesPerKey, "expectedValuesPerKey");
		}

		@Override
		public Set<V> get() {
			return new LinkedHashSet<V>(expectedValuesPerKey);
		}
	}

	private static final class TreeSetSupplier<V> implements Supplier<SortedSet<V>>, Serializable {
		private final Comparator<? super V> comparator;

		TreeSetSupplier(Comparator<? super V> comparator) {
			this.comparator = checkNotNull(comparator);
		}

		@Override
		public SortedSet<V> get() {
			return new TreeSet<V>(comparator);
		}
	}

	private static final class EnumSetSupplier<V extends Enum<V>> implements Supplier<Set<V>>, Serializable {
		private final Class<V> clazz;

		EnumSetSupplier(Class<V> clazz) {
			this.clazz = checkNotNull(clazz);
		}

		@Override
		public Set<V> get() {
			return EnumSet.noneOf(clazz);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * An intermediate stage in a {@link MultimapBuilder} in which the key-value
	 * collection map implementation has been specified, but the value collection
	 * implementation has not.
	 *
	 * @param <K0> The upper bound on the key type of the generated multimap.
	 */
	public abstract static class MultimapBuilderWithKeys<K0> {

		private static final int DEFAULT_EXPECTED_VALUES_PER_KEY = 2;

		MultimapBuilderWithKeys() {
		}

		abstract <K extends K0, V> Map<K, Collection<V>> createMap();

		/**
		 * Uses an {@link ArrayList} to store value collections.
		 */
		public ListMultimapBuilder<K0, Object> arrayListValues() {
			return arrayListValues(DEFAULT_EXPECTED_VALUES_PER_KEY);
		}

		/**
		 * Uses an {@link ArrayList} to store value collections, initialized to expect
		 * the specified number of values per key.
		 *
		 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code expectedValuesPerKey < 0}
		 */
		public ListMultimapBuilder<K0, Object> arrayListValues(final int expectedValuesPerKey) {
			checkNonnegative(expectedValuesPerKey, "expectedValuesPerKey");
			return new ListMultimapBuilder<K0, Object>() {
				@Override
				public <K extends K0, V> ListMultimap<K, V> build() {
					return Multimaps.newListMultimap(MultimapBuilderWithKeys.this.<K, V>createMap(),
							new ArrayListSupplier<V>(expectedValuesPerKey));
				}
			};
		}

		/**
		 * Uses a {@link LinkedList} to store value collections.
		 */
		public ListMultimapBuilder<K0, Object> linkedListValues() {
			return new ListMultimapBuilder<K0, Object>() {
				@Override
				public <K extends K0, V> ListMultimap<K, V> build() {
					return Multimaps.newListMultimap(MultimapBuilderWithKeys.this.<K, V>createMap(),
							LinkedListSupplier.<V>instance());
				}
			};
		}

		/**
		 * Uses a {@link HashSet} to store value collections.
		 */
		public SetMultimapBuilder<K0, Object> hashSetValues() {
			return hashSetValues(DEFAULT_EXPECTED_VALUES_PER_KEY);
		}

		/**
		 * Uses a {@link HashSet} to store value collections, initialized to expect the
		 * specified number of values per key.
		 *
		 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code expectedValuesPerKey < 0}
		 */
		public SetMultimapBuilder<K0, Object> hashSetValues(final int expectedValuesPerKey) {
			checkNonnegative(expectedValuesPerKey, "expectedValuesPerKey");
			return new SetMultimapBuilder<K0, Object>() {
				@Override
				public <K extends K0, V> SetMultimap<K, V> build() {
					return Multimaps.newSetMultimap(MultimapBuilderWithKeys.this.<K, V>createMap(),
							new HashSetSupplier<V>(expectedValuesPerKey));
				}
			};
		}

		/**
		 * Uses a {@link LinkedHashSet} to store value collections.
		 */
		public SetMultimapBuilder<K0, Object> linkedHashSetValues() {
			return linkedHashSetValues(DEFAULT_EXPECTED_VALUES_PER_KEY);
		}

		/**
		 * Uses a {@link LinkedHashSet} to store value collections, initialized to
		 * expect the specified number of values per key.
		 *
		 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code expectedValuesPerKey < 0}
		 */
		public SetMultimapBuilder<K0, Object> linkedHashSetValues(final int expectedValuesPerKey) {
			checkNonnegative(expectedValuesPerKey, "expectedValuesPerKey");
			return new SetMultimapBuilder<K0, Object>() {
				@Override
				public <K extends K0, V> SetMultimap<K, V> build() {
					return Multimaps.newSetMultimap(MultimapBuilderWithKeys.this.<K, V>createMap(),
							new LinkedHashSetSupplier<V>(expectedValuesPerKey));
				}
			};
		}

		/**
		 * Uses a naturally-ordered {@link TreeSet} to store value collections.
		 */
		@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
		public SortedSetMultimapBuilder<K0, Comparable> treeSetValues() {
			return treeSetValues(Ordering.natural());
		}

		/**
		 * Uses a {@link TreeSet} ordered by the specified comparator to store value
		 * collections.
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Multimaps generated by the resulting builder will not be serializable if
		 * {@code comparator} is not serializable.
		 */
		public <V0> SortedSetMultimapBuilder<K0, V0> treeSetValues(final Comparator<V0> comparator) {
			checkNotNull(comparator, "comparator");
			return new SortedSetMultimapBuilder<K0, V0>() {
				@Override
				public <K extends K0, V extends V0> SortedSetMultimap<K, V> build() {
					return Multimaps.newSortedSetMultimap(MultimapBuilderWithKeys.this.<K, V>createMap(),
							new TreeSetSupplier<V>(comparator));
				}
			};
		}

		/**
		 * Uses an {@link EnumSet} to store value collections.
		 */
		public <V0 extends Enum<V0>> SetMultimapBuilder<K0, V0> enumSetValues(final Class<V0> valueClass) {
			checkNotNull(valueClass, "valueClass");
			return new SetMultimapBuilder<K0, V0>() {
				@Override
				public <K extends K0, V extends V0> SetMultimap<K, V> build() {
					// V must actually be V0, since enums are effectively final
					// (their subclasses are inaccessible)
					@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
					Supplier<Set<V>> factory = (Supplier) new EnumSetSupplier<V0>(valueClass);
					return Multimaps.newSetMultimap(MultimapBuilderWithKeys.this.<K, V>createMap(), factory);
				}
			};
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a new, empty {@code Multimap} with the specified implementation.
	 */
	public abstract <K extends K0, V extends V0> Multimap<K, V> build();

	/**
	 * Returns a {@code Multimap} with the specified implementation, initialized
	 * with the entries of {@code multimap}.
	 */
	public <K extends K0, V extends V0> Multimap<K, V> build(Multimap<? extends K, ? extends V> multimap) {
		Multimap<K, V> result = build();
		result.putAll(multimap);
		return result;
	}

	/**
	 * A specialization of {@link MultimapBuilder} that generates
	 * {@link ListMultimap} instances.
	 */
	public abstract static class ListMultimapBuilder<K0, V0> extends MultimapBuilder<K0, V0> {
		ListMultimapBuilder() {
		}

		@Override
		public abstract <K extends K0, V extends V0> ListMultimap<K, V> build();

		@Override
		public <K extends K0, V extends V0> ListMultimap<K, V> build(Multimap<? extends K, ? extends V> multimap) {
			return (ListMultimap<K, V>) super.build(multimap);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * A specialization of {@link MultimapBuilder} that generates
	 * {@link SetMultimap} instances.
	 */
	public abstract static class SetMultimapBuilder<K0, V0> extends MultimapBuilder<K0, V0> {
		SetMultimapBuilder() {
		}

		@Override
		public abstract <K extends K0, V extends V0> SetMultimap<K, V> build();

		@Override
		public <K extends K0, V extends V0> SetMultimap<K, V> build(Multimap<? extends K, ? extends V> multimap) {
			return (SetMultimap<K, V>) super.build(multimap);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * A specialization of {@link MultimapBuilder} that generates
	 * {@link SortedSetMultimap} instances.
	 */
	public abstract static class SortedSetMultimapBuilder<K0, V0> extends SetMultimapBuilder<K0, V0> {
		SortedSetMultimapBuilder() {
		}

		@Override
		public abstract <K extends K0, V extends V0> SortedSetMultimap<K, V> build();

		@Override
		public <K extends K0, V extends V0> SortedSetMultimap<K, V> build(Multimap<? extends K, ? extends V> multimap) {
			return (SortedSetMultimap<K, V>) super.build(multimap);
		}
	}
}